Gene therapy is a field that is changing quickly and has a lot of potential for treating a wide range of diseases that people are born with or get over time. This article is a review of recent developments in gene therapy and how it might be used to treat different medical conditions. It looks at the different ways gene therapy can be done, such as with viral and non-viral vectors, genome-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9, and RNA-based therapies. The article talks about the problems and limits that researchers and doctors face when trying to use gene therapy successfully. These include immune responses, off-target effects, and ethical concerns. Also, it shows how the future of gene therapy as a transformative medical intervention is being shaped by ongoing clinical trials and regulatory issues.